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Plant Physiology 100:1621-1626 (1992)
© 1992 American Society of Plant Biologists

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Update on Chloroplast Energetics

Concerning a Dual Function of Coupled Cyclic Electron Transport in Leaves 1

Ulrich Heber2 and David Walker3

Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biosciences, University of Würzburg, D-87 Würzburg, Germany, Biddlestone Field Laboratory, Robert Hill Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Coupled cyclic electron transport is assigned a role in the protection of leaves against photoinhibition in addition to its role in ATP synthesis. In leaves, as in reconstituted thylakoid systems, cyclic electron transport requires "poising," i.e. availability of electrons at the reducing side of photosystem I (PSI) and the presence of some oxidized plastoquinone between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. Under self-regulatory poising conditions that are established when carbon dioxide limits photosynthesis at high light intensities, and particularly when stomata are partially or fully closed as a result of water stress, coupled cyclic electron transport controls linear electron transport by helping to establish a proton gradient large enough to decrease PSII activity and electron flow to PSI. This brings electron donation by PSII, and electron consumption by available electron acceptors, into a balance in which PSI becomes more oxidized than it is during fast carbon assimilation. Avoidance of overreduction of the electron transport chain is a prerequisite for the efficient protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against photoinactivation.

2 This work was completed while U.H. was a Royal Society Guest Research Fellow at the Biddlestone Field Laboratory.

3 Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow.

1 Work performed in the authors' laboratories was supported by the Royal Society, the Agricultural Research Council, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk, and the Sonderforschungsbereich 251 of the University of Würzburg.




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