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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 101, Issue 1 267-276, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION |
Lipids, Proteins, and Structure of Seed Oil Bodies from Diverse Species
JTC. Tzen, Yz. Cao, P. Laurent, C. Ratnayake and AHC. Huang
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124
Oil bodies isolated from the mature seeds of rape (Brassica napus L.),
mustard (Brassica juncea L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), flax (Linus
usitatis simum), maize (Zea mays L.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and
sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) had average diameters that were different but
within a narrow range (0.6-2.0 [mu]m), as measured from electron
micrographs of serial sections. Their contents of triacylglycerols (TAG),
phospholipids, and proteins (oleosins) were correlated with their sizes.
The correlation fits a formula that describes a spherical particle
surrounded by a shell of a monolayer of phospholipids embedded with
oleosins. Oil bodies from the various species contained substantial amounts
of the uncommon negatively charged phosphatidylserine and
phosphatidylinositol, as well as small amounts of free fatty acids. These
acidic lipids are assumed to interact with the basic amino acid residues of
the oleosins on the surface of the phospholipid layer. Isoelectrofocusing
revealed that the oil bodies from the various species had an isoelectric
point of 5.7 to 6.6 and thus possessed a negatively charged surface at
neutral pH. We conclude that seed oil bodies from diverse species are very
similar in structure. In rapeseed during maturation, TAG and oleosins
accumulated concomitantly. TAG-synthesizing acyltransferase activities
appeared at an earlier stage and peaked during the active period of TAG
accumulation. The concomitant accumulation of TAG and oleosins is similar
to that reported earlier for maize and soybean, and the finding has an
implication for the mode of oil body synthesis during seed maturation.
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