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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 102, Issue 2 663-670, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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METABOLISM AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Pigmented Soybean (Glycine max) Seed Coats Accumulate Proanthocyanidins during Development
J. J. Todd and L. O. Vodkin
Plant and Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
The dominant I gene inhibits accumulation of anthocyanin pigments in the
epidermal layer of soybean (Glycine max) seed coats. Seed-coat color is
also influenced by the R locus and by the pubescence color alleles (T,
tawny; t, gray). Protein and RNA from cultivars with black (i,R,T) and
brown (i,r,T) seed coats are difficult to extract. To determine the nature
of the interfering plant products, we examined seed-coat extracts from
Clark isogenic lines for flavonoids, anthocyanins, and possible
proanthocyanidins by thin-layer chromatography. We show that yellow
seed-coat varieties (I) do not accumulate anthocyanins (anthocyanidin
glycosides) or proanthocyanidins (polymeric anthocyanidins). Mature, black
(i,R,T) and imperfect-black (i,R,t) seed coats contained anthocyanins,
whereas mature, brown (i,r,T) and buff (i,r,t) seed coats did not contain
anthocyanins. In contrast, all colored (i) genotypes tested positive for
the presence of proanthocyanidins by butanol/ HCl and 0.5% vanillin assays.
Immature, black (i,R,T) and brown (i,r,T) seed coats contained significant
amounts of procyanidin, a 3[prime],4[prime]-hydroxylated proanthocyanidin.
Immature, black (i,R,T) or brown (i,r,T) seed-coat extracts also tested
positive for the ability to precipitate proteins in a radial diffusion
assay and to bind RNA in vitro. Imperfect-black (i,R,t) or buff (i,r,t)
seed coats contained lesser amounts of propelargonidin, a
4[prime]-hydroxylated proanthocyanidin. Seed-coat extracts from these
genotypes did not have the ability to precipitate protein or bind to RNA.
In summary, the dominant I gene controls inhibition of not only
anthocyanins but also proanthocyanidins in soybean seed coats. In
homozygous recessive i genotypes, the T-t gene pair determines the types of
proanthocyanidins present, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the
T locus encodes a microsomal 3[prime]-flavonoid hydroxylase.
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