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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 102, Issue 4 1077-1084, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENE REGULATION |
Rapid Production of Multiple Independent Lines of Fertile Transgenic Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
J. T. Weeks, O. D. Anderson and A. E. Blechl
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710
Improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by biotechnological approaches is
currently limited by a lack of efficient and reliable transformation
methodology. In this report, we detail a protocol for transformation of a
highly embryogenic wheat cultivar, Bobwhite. Calli derived from immature
embryos, 0.5 to 1 mm long, were bombarded with microprojectiles coated with
DNA containing as marker genes the bar gene, encoding
phosphinothricin-resistance, and the gene encoding [beta]-glucuronidase
(GUS), each under control of a maize ubiquitin promoter. The bombardment
was performed 5 d after embryo excision, just after initiation of callus
proliferation. The ability of plantlets to root in the presence of 1 or 3
mg/L of bialaphos was the most reliable selection criteria used to identify
transformed plants. Stable transformation was confirmed by marker gene
expression assays and the presence of the bar sequences in high molecular
weight chromosomal DNA of the resultant plants. Nine independent lines of
fertile transgenic wheat plants have been obtained thus far, at a frequency
of 1 to 2 per 1000 embryos bombarded. On average, 168 d elapsed between
embryo excision for bombardment and anthesis of the T0 plants. The
transmission of both the resistance phenotype and bar DNA to the T1
generation verified that germline transformation had occurred.
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