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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 102, Issue 4 1085-1093, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENE REGULATION |
C4 Photosynthetic Gene Expression in Light- and Dark-Grown Amaranth Cotyledons
J. L. Wang, J. J. Long, T. Hotchkiss and J. O. Berry
Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260
The patterns of expression for genes encoding several C4 photosynthetic
enzymes were examined in light-grown and dark-grown (etiolated) cotyledons
of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus), a dicotyledonous C4 plant. The
large subunit and small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase
(RuBPCase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), and pyruvate
orthophosphate dikinase (PPdK) were all present in the cotyledons by d 2
after planting when the seedlings first emerged from the seed coat. Kranz
anatomy was apparent in light-grown cotyledons throughout development, and
the overall patterns of C4 gene expression were similar to those recently
described for developing amaranth leaves (J.L. Wang, D.F. Klessig, J.O.
Berry [1992] Plant Cell 4: 173-184). RuBPCase mRNA and proteins were
present in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in a C3-like pattern
during early development and became progressively more localized to bundle
sheath cells in the C4-type pattern as the cotyledons expanded over 2 to 7
d. PEPCase and PPdK polypeptides were localized to mesophyll cells
throughout development, even though PEPCase transcripts were detected in
both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. Kranz anatomy also developed in
cotyledons grown in complete darkness. In 7-d-old dark-grown cotyledons,
RuBPCase, PPdK, and PEPCase were all localized to the appropriate cell
types, although at somewhat lower levels than in light-grown cotyledons.
These findings demonstrate that the leaves and postembryonic cotyledons of
amaranth undergo common developmental programs of C4 gene expression during
maturation. Furthermore, light is not required for the cell-type-specific
expression of genes encoding RuBPCase and other photosynthetic enzymes in
this dicotyledonous C4 plant.
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