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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 103, Issue 1 257-265, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Characterization of the Early Stages of Genetic Salt-Stress Responses in Salt-Tolerant Lophopyrum elongatum, Salt-Sensitive Wheat, and Their Amphiploid
A. F. Galvez, P. J. Gulick and J. Dvorak
Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
Eleven unique cDNA clones corresponding to genes showing enhanced mRNA
accumulation in the early stages of salt stress (early salt stress induced,
ESI) were previously isolated. The accumulation of these mRNAs in
Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love, salt-sensitive wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.), and their amphiploid is compared. The accumulation of ESI
mRNAs was much greater in the L. elongatum roots than in the shoots.
Additionally, mRNA accumulation in the roots of the three genotypes showed
a biphasic response. The first phase occurred within a few hours after the
onset of stress and had a large osmotic shock component, as indicated by
induction of the accumulation of these mRNAs by a nonsaline osmoticum. The
ion-specific component, however, also played a role. External Ca2+ reduced
this response. The second phase was characterized by either constantly
elevated mRNA levels or gradually increasing mRNA levels. The same biphasic
response was elicited by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). The response of all
mRNAs to ABA closely approximated the response to 250 mM NaCl treatment in
all three genotypes. The differences among the three genotypes in response
to NaCl and ABA treatments were largely confined to the first phase of the
response, in which mRNA levels were highest in L. elongatum and lowest in
wheat. The levels of ESI mRNAs in the amphiploid closely approximated
levels calculated on the basis of the doses of wheat and L. elongatum
genomes in the amphiploid, which indicated an additive contribution of the
genomes to early salt stress response in the amphiploid. The inducer of the
ESI mRNA accumulation in response to NaCl and other osmotica is produced in
the stressed roots and shows only minor, if any, translocation. A putative
candidate for this inducer is root ABA.
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