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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 103, Issue 1 267-272, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH REGULATION |
Chemical Signals from Avocado Surface Wax Trigger Germination and Appressorium Formation in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
G. K. Podila, L. M. Rogers and P. E. Kolattukudy
Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
The surface wax of the host, avocado (Persea americana) fruit, induced
germination and appressorium formation in the spores of Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides. Waxes from nonhost plants did not induce appressorium
formation in this fungus, and avocado wax did not induce appressorium
formation in most Colletotrichum species that infect other hosts. Bioassays
of the thin-layer chromatographic fractions of the avocado wax showed that
the fatty alcohol fraction was the main appressorium-inducing component.
Testing of authentic n-C8 to n-C32 fatty alcohols revealed that C24 and
longer-chain alcohols induced appressorium formation. Gas-liquid
chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of free fatty alcohols revealed
that avocado wax contains a high content of very long chains. Waxes from
nonhost plants containing an even higher content of the very long-chain
alcohols did not induce appressorium formation. Waxes from nonhost plants
strongly inhibited appressorium induction by avocado wax. Thus, a favorable
balance between appressorium-inducing very long-chain fatty alcohols and
the absence of inhibitors allows the fungus to use the host surface wax to
trigger germination and differentiation of infection structures in the
pathogen.
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