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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 103, Issue 1 31-39, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENE REGULATION |
Temporal and Spatial Regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase in the Pollination-Induced Senescence of Orchid Flowers
J. A. Nadeau, X. S. Zhang, H. Nair and S. D. O'Neill
Division of Biological Science, Section of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
Pollination of many flowers initiates a sequence of precisely regulated
developmental events that include senescence of the perianth and
development of the ovary. The plant hormone ethylene is known to play a key
role in regulating the biochemical and anatomical changes that constitute
the postpollination syndrome. For this reason, we have studied the
pollination syndrome in Phalaenopsis orchids by examining the spatial and
temporal location of ethylene biosynthesis within the orchid flower, and
how this biosynthesis is regulated by factors that influence expression of
genes that encode key enzymes in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. In
particular, we examined the role in the postpollination syndrome of the
expression of the gene for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase,
which catalyzes the conversion of ACC to ethylene. In vivo incubation of
tissues with the ethylene precursor ACC demonstrated that ACC oxidase
activity increases after pollination in the stigma, contrary to the
observation that activity is constitutive in petunia and carnation
gynoecia. RNA blot hybridization of floral tissues indicates that the
increase in ACC oxidase activity is due to de novo synthesis of mRNA and
presumably protein, which is induced after pollination. Furthermore, the
pattern of induction is consistent with a model of coordinate regulation of
gene expression in which the pollination signal travels to other organs of
the flower to induce their ethylene production. We have also used in situ
hybridization to define further the temporal and spatial expression of ACC
oxidase within the floral organs, showing that expression, and, by
inference, the capability to oxidize ACC to ethylene, is induced in all
living cells of the tissues examined after pollination. These findings
contrast with work in petunia that suggests that ACC oxidase is localized
to the stigmatic surface.
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