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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 103, Issue 2 621-627, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Oxidative Stimulation of Glutathione Synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cultures
M. J. May and C. J. Leaver
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
A system based on Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures was established
for the analysis of glutathione (GSH) synthesis in the presence of hydrogen
peroxide. Mild oxidative stress was induced by use of the catalase
inhibitor, aminotriazole, and its development was monitored by measurement
of the oxidative inactivation of aconitase. Addition of 2 mM aminotriazole
resulted in a 25% decrease in activity of aconitase over 4 h. During the
subsequent 10 h, no further decrease in aconitase activity was measured
despite a sustained inhibition of catalase. In combination with our failure
to detect significant increases in the level of lipid peroxidation, another
marker indicative of oxidative injury, these data suggest that although
hydrogen peroxide initially leaked into the cytosol, its accumulation was
limited by a cytosolic catalase-independent mechanism. A 4-fold increase in
the level of GSH, which was almost exclusively in the reduced form, was
observed under the same treatment. To determine to what extent this
increase in reduced GSH played a role in limiting the accumulation of
hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol, we inhibited GSH synthesis with
buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of
[gamma]-glutamylcysteine synthetase. No significant oxidative injury was
detected as a result of treatment with 50 [mu]M BSO alone, and furthermore,
this treatment had no effect on cell viability, However, addition of 2 mM
aminotriazole to cells preincubated with 50 [mu]M BSO for 15 h led to a
rapid loss of aconitase activity (75% in 4 h), and significant accumulation
of products of lipid peroxidation. Within 72 h, cell viability was lost
completely. After removal of BSO from the growth medium, GSH levels
recovered to normal over a period of 20 h. Addition of 2 mM aminotriazole
to cells at different time points during this recovery period demonstrated
a strong correlation between the level of reduced GSH and the degree of
protection against oxidative injury. These data strongly suggest that the
induction of GSH synthesis by an oxidative stimulus plays a crucial role in
determining the susceptibility of cells to oxidative stress.
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O. Oswald, T. Martin, P. J. Dominy, and I. A. Graham
Plastid redox state and sugars: Interactive regulators of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic gene expression
PNAS,
February 13, 2001;
98(4):
2047 - 2052.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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B. S. Tiwari, B. Belenghi, and A. Levine
Oxidative Stress Increased Respiration and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species, Resulting in ATP Depletion, Opening of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, and Programmed Cell Death
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2002;
128(4):
1271 - 1281.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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