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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 104, Issue 1 153-159, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Aminomethylenediphosphonate: A Potent Type-Specific Inhibitor of Both Plant and Phototrophic Bacterial H+-Pyrophosphatases
R. G. Zhen, A. A. Baykov, N. P. Bakuleva and P. A. Rea
Plant Science Institute, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6018 (R.-G.Z., P.A.R.)
The suitability of different pyrophosphate (PPi) analogs as inhibitors of
the vacuolar H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase; EC
3.6.1.1) of tonoplast vesicles isolated from etiolated hypocotyls of Vigna
radiata was investigated. Five 1,1-diphosphonates and imidodiphosphate were
tested for their effects on substrate hydrolysis by the V-PPase at a
substrate concentration corresponding to the Km of the enzyme. The order of
inhibitory potency (apparent inhibition constants, Kiapp values, [mu]M, in
parentheses) of the compounds examined was aminomethylenediphosphonate
(1.8) > hydroxymethylenediphosphonate (5.7) [almost equal to]
ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (6.5) > imidodiphosphate (12) >
methylenediphosphonate (68) >> dichloromethylenediphosphonate
(>500). The specificity of three of these compounds,
aminomethylenediphosphonate, imidodiphosphate, and methylenediphosphonate,
was determined by comparing their effects on the V-PPase and vacuolar
H+-ATPase from Vigna, plasma membrane H+-ATPase from Beta vulgaris, H+-PPi
synthase of chromatophores prepared from Rhodospirillum rubrum, soluble
PPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alkaline phosphatase from bovine
intestinal mucosa, and nonspecific monophosphoesterase from Vigna at a PPi
concentration equivalent to 10 times the Km of the V-PPase. Although all
three PPi analogs inhibited the plant V-PPase and bacterial H+-PPi synthase
with qualitatively similar kinetics, whether substrate hydrolysis or
PPi-dependent H+-translocation was measured, neither the vacuolar H+-ATPase
nor plasma membrane H+-ATPase nor any of the non-V-PPase-related PPi
hydrolases were markedly inhibited under these conditions. It is concluded
that 1, 1-diphosphonates, in general, and aminomethylenediphosphonate, in
particular, are potent type-specific inhibitors of the V-PPase and its
putative bacterial homolog, the H+-PPi synthase of Rhodospirillum.
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