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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 104, Issue 1 29-35, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION |
Tissue Level Compartmentation of (R)-Amygdalin and Amygdalin Hydrolase Prevents Large-Scale Cyanogenesis in Undamaged Prunus Seeds
J. E. Poulton and C. P. Li
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
Plum (Prunus domestica) seeds, which contain the cyanogenic diglucoside
(R)-amygdalin and lesser amounts of the corresponding monoglucoside
(R)-prunasin, release the respiratory toxin HCN upon tissue disruption.
Amygdalin hydrolase (AH) and prunasin hydrolase (PH), two specific
[beta]-glucosidases responsible for hydrolysis of these glucosides, were
purified to near homogeneity by concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B and
carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography. Both proteins appear as
polypeptides with molecular masses of 60 kD upon sodium dodecyl
sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but they exhibit different
isoelectric points (PH, 5.6-6.0; AH, 7.8-8.2). AH and PH were localized
within mature plum seeds by tissue printing, histochemistry, and
silver-enhanced immunogold labeling. As was previously shown in black
cherry (Prunus serotina) seeds (E.Swain, C.P. Li, J.E. Poulton [1992] Plant
Physiol 100: 291-300), AH and PH are restricted to protein bodies of
specific procambial cells and are absent from the cotyledonary parenchyma,
bundle sheath, and endosperm cells. In contrast, the cyanogenic glycosides
in both plum and black cherry seeds, which were detected by tissue
printing, occur solely in the cotyledonary parenchyma and are absent from
the procambium and endosperm. It is concluded that tissue level
compartmentation prevents large-scale cyanoglycoside hydrolysis in intact
Prunus seeds.
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