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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 105, Issue 1 103-110, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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METABOLISM AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Biosynthesis of 3-Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC. (Evidence That S-Methylmethionine Is an Intermediate)
A. D. Hanson, J. Rivoal, L. Paquet and D. A. Gage
Institut de Recherche en Biologie Vegetale de I'Universite de Montreal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal, Quebec H1X 2B2, Canada (A.D.H., J.R., L.P.)
The compatible solute 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is accumulated by
certain salt-tolerant flowering plants and marine algae. It is the major
biogenic precursor of dimethylsulfide, an important sulfur-containing trace
gas in the atmosphere. DMSP biosynthesis was investigated in Wollastonia
biflora (L.) DC. [=Wedelia biflora (L.) DC., Melanthera biflora (L.) Wild,
Asteraceae]. After characterizing DMSP and glycine betaine accumulation in
three diverse genotypes, a glycine betaine-free genotype was chosen for
radiotracer and stable isotope-labeling studies. In discs from young
leaves, label from [U-14C]methionine was readily incorporated into the
dimethylsulfide and acrylate moieties of DMSP. This establishes that DMSP
is derived from methionine by deamination, decarboxylation, oxidation, and
methylation steps, without indicating their order. Five lines of evidence
indicated that methylation is the first step in the sequence, not the last.
(a) In pulse-chase experiments with [14C]methionine, S-methylmethionine
(SMM) had the labeling pattern expected of a pathway intermediate, whereas
3-methylthiopropionate (MTP) did not. (b) [14C]SMM was efficiently
converted to DMSP but [14C]MTP was not. (c) The addition of unlabeled SMM,
but not of MTP, reduced the synthesis of [14C]DMSP from [14C]methionine.
(d) The dimethylsulfide group of [13CH3,C2H3]SMM was incorporated as a unit
into DMSP. (e) When [C2H3,C2H3]SMM was given together with
[13CH3]methionine, the main product was [C2H3,C2H3]DMSP, not
[13CH3,C2H3]DMSP or [13CH3,13CH3]DMSP. The stable isotope labeling results
also show that the SMM cycle does not operate at a high level in W. biflora
leaves.
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