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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 105, Issue 1 141-149, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH REGULATION |
Photoresponses of Light-Grown phyA Mutants of Arabidopsis (Phytochrome A Is Required for the Perception of Daylength Extensions)
E. Johnson, M. Bradley, N. P. Harberd and G. C. Whitelam
Department of Botany, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (E.J., G.C.W.)
Several aspects of the photophysiology of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
seedlings were compared with those of a phytochrome A null mutant, phyA-1,
and a mutant, fhy1, that is putatively involved in the transduction of
light signals from phytochrome A. Although phyA seedlings display a near
wild-type phenotype when grown in white light (W), they nevertheless
display several photomorphogenic abnormalities. Thus, whereas the
germination of wild-type and fhy1 seeds is almost fully promoted by a pulse
of red light (R) or by continuous far-red light (FR), phyA seed germination
is responsive only to R. Following growth under day/night cycles, but not
under continuous W, the hypocotyls of light-grown phyA and fhy1 seedlings
are more elongated than those of wild-type seedlings. For seedlings grown
under low red/far-red (R/FR) ratio light conditions, phyA and fhy1
seedlings display a more marked promotion of hypocotyl elongation than
wild-type seedlings. Similarly, seedlings that are doubly null for
phytochrome A and phytochrome B(phyA phyB) also have more elongated
hypocotyls under low R/FR ratio conditions than phyB seedlings. This
indicates that phytochrome A action in light-grown seedlings is
antagonistic to the action of phytochrome B. Although wild-type, fhy1, and
phyA seedlings flower at essentially the same time under both short-day and
long-day conditions, an obvious consequence of phytochrome A deficiency is
a pronounced late flowering under conditions where a short day of 8 h of
fluorescent W is extended by 8 h of low-fluence-rate incandescent light.
The evidence thus indicates that phytochrome A plays a role in seed
germination, in the control of elongation growth of light-grown seedlings,
and in the perception of daylength.
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