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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 105, Issue 2 473-482, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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METABOLISM AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Plant Expression of a Bacterial Cytochrome P450 That Catalyzes Activation of a Sulfonylurea Pro-Herbicide
D. P. O'Keefe, J. M. Tepperman, C. Dean, K. J. Leto, D. L. Erbes and J. T. Odell
Central Research and Development (D.P.O.) and Agricultural Products (K.J.L., D.L.E., J.T.O.), The Dupont Company, Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80402, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0402
The Streptomyces griseolus gene encoding herbicide-metabolizing cytochrome
P450SU1 (CYP105A1) was expressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).
Because this P450 can be reduced by plant chloroplast ferredoxin in vitro,
chloroplast-targeted and nontargeted expression were compared. Whereas
P450SU1 antigen was found in the transgenic plants regardless of the
targeting, only those with chloroplast-directed enzyme performed
P450SU1-mediated N-dealkylation of the sulfonylurea
2-methylethyl-2,3-dihydro-N-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,
2-benzoisothiazole- 7-sulfonamide-1,1-dioxide (R7402). Chloroplast
targeting appears to be essential for the bacterial P450 to function in the
plant. Because the R7402 metabolite has greater phytotoxicity than R7402
itself, plants bearing active P450SU1 are susceptible to injury from R7402
treatment that is harmless to plants without P450SU1. Thus, P450SU1
expression and R7402 treatment can be used as a negative selection system
in plants. Furthermore, expression of P450SU1 from a tissue-specific
promoter can sequester production of the phytotoxic R7402 metabolite to a
single plant tissue. In tobacco expressing P450SU1 from a tapetum-specific
promoter, treatment of immature flower buds with R7402 caused dramatically
lowered pollen viability. Such treatment could be the basis for a chemical
hybridizing agent.
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