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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 105, Issue 2 739-748, Copyright © 1994 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENE REGULATION |
Chalcone Synthase mRNA and Activity Are Reduced in Yellow Soybean Seed Coats with Dominant I Alleles
C. S. Wang, J. J. Todd and L. O. Vodkin
Plant and Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
The seed of all wild Glycine accessions have black or brown pigments
because of the homozygous recessive i allele in combination with alleles at
the R and T loci. In contrast, nearly all commercial soybean (Glycine max)
varieties are yellow due to the presence of a dominant allele of the I
locus (either I or i) that inhibits pigmentation in the seed coats.
Spontaneous mutations to the recessive i allele occur in these varieties
and result in pigmented seed coats. We have isolated a clone for a soybean
dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) gene using polymerase chain reaction. We
examined expression of DFR and two other genes of the flavonoid pathway
during soybean seed coat development in a series of near-isogenic isolines
that vary in pigmentation as specified by combinations of alleles of the I,
R, and T loci. The expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and DFR mRNAs
was similar in all of the gene combinations at each stage of seed coat
development. In contrast, chalcone synthase (CHS) mRNA was barely
detectable at all stages of development in seed coats that carry the
dominant I allele that results in yellow seed coats. CHS activity in yellow
seed coats (I) was also 7- to 10-fold less than in the pigmented seed coats
that have the homozygous recessive i allele. It appears that the dominant I
allele results in reduction of CHS mRNA, leading to reduction of CHS
activity as the basis for inhibition of anthocyanin and proanthocyanin
synthesis in soybean seed coats. A further connection between CHS and the I
locus is indicated by the occurrence of multiple restriction site
polymorphisms in genomic DNA blots of the CHS gene family in near-isogenic
lines containing alleles of the I locus.
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