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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 107, Issue 3 703-708, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 Transformed with Escherichia coli bet Genes Produces Glycine Betaine from Choline and Acquires Resistance to Salt Stress
M. Nomura, M. Ishitani, T. Takabe, A. K. Rai and T. Takabe
BioScience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan (M.N., M.I., A.K.R., Tetsuko Takabe)
Synechococcus sp. PCC7942, a fresh water cyanobacterium, was transformed by
a shuttle plasmid that contains a 9-kb fragment encoding the Escherichia
coli bet gene cluster, i.e. betA (choline dehydrogenase), betB (betaine
aldehyde dehydrogenase), betI (a putative regulatory protein), and betT
(the choline transport system). The expression of these genes was
demonstrated in the cyanobacterial cells (bet-containing cells) by northern
blot analysis, as well as by the detection of glycine betaine by 1H nuclear
magnetic resonance in cells supplemented with choline. Endogenous choline
was not detected in either control or bet-containing cells. Both control
and bet-containing cyanobacterial cells were found to import choline in an
energy-dependent process, although this import was restricted only to
bet-containing cells in conditions of salt stress. Glycine betaine was
found to accumulate to a concentration of 45 mM in bet-containing
cyanobacterial cells, and this resulted in a stabilization of the
photosynthetic activities of photosystems I and II, higher phycobilisome
contents, and general protective effects against salt stress when compared
to control cells. The growth of bet-containing cells was much faster in the
presence of 0.375 M NaCl than that of control cells, indicating that the
transformant acquired resistance to salt stress.
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