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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 107, Issue 3 725-735, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Effects of Iron Excess on Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Plants (Implications to Oxidative Stress)
K. Kampfenkel, M. Van Montagu and D. Inze
Laboratorium voor Genetica (K.K., M.V.M.) and Laboratoire Associe de I'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France) (D.I.), Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Fe excess is believed to generate oxidative stress. To contribute to the
understanding of Fe metabolism, Fe excess was induced in Nicotiana
plumbaginifolia grown in hydroponic culture upon root cutting. Toxicity
symptoms leading to brown spots covering the leaf surface became visible
after 6 h. Photosynthesis was greatly affected within 12 h; the
photosynthetic rate was decreased by 40%. Inhibition of photosynthesis was
accompanied by photoinhibition, increased reduction of photosystem II, and
higher thylakoid energization. Fe excess seemed to stimulate
photorespiration because catalase activity doubled. To cope with cellular
damage, respiration rate increased and cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase activity more than doubled. Simultaneously, the content of
free hexoses was reduced. Indicative of generation of oxidative stress was
doubling of ascorbate peroxidase activity within 12 h. Contents of the
antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione were reduced by 30%, resulting in
equivalent increases of dehydroascorbate and oxidized glutathione. Taken
together, moderate changes in leaf Fe content have a dramatic effect on
plant metabolism. This indicates that cellular Fe concentrations must be
finely regulated to avoid cellular damage most probably because of
oxidative stress induced by Fe.
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