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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 107, Issue 3 775-782, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
In Vivo Regulation of Wheat-Leaf Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase by Reversible Phosphorylation
SMG. Duff and R. Chollet
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, East Campus, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0718
Regulation of C3 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and its
protein-serine/threonine kinase (PEPC-PK) was studied in wheat (Triticum
aestivum) leaves that were excised from low-N-grown seedlings and
subsequently illuminated and/or supplied with 40 mM KNO3. The apparent
phosphorylation status of PEPC was assessed by its sensitivity to L-malate
inhibition at suboptimal assay conditions, and the activity state of
PEPC-PK was determined by the in vitro 32P labeling of purified maize
dephospho-PEPC by [[gamma]-32P]ATP/Mg. Illumination ([plus or minus]NO3-)
for 1 h led to about a 4.5-fold increase in the 50% inhibition constant for
L-malate, which was reversed by placing the illuminated detached leaves in
darkness (minus NO3-). A 1 -h exposure of excised leaves to light, KNO3, or
both resulted in relative PEPC-PK activities of 205, 119, and 659%,
respectively, of the dark/0 mM KNO3 control tissue. In contrast, almost no
activity was observed when a recombinant sorghum phosphorylation-site
mutant (S8D) form of PEPC was used as protein substrate in PEPC-PK assays
of the light plus KNO3 leaf extracts. In vivo labeling of wheat-leaf PEPC
by feeding 32P-labeled orthophosphate showed that PEPC from light plus KNO3
tissue was substantially more phosphorylated than the enzyme in the dark
minus-nitrate immunoprecipitates. Immunoblot analysis indicated that no
changes in relative PEPC-protein amount occurred within 1 h for any of the
treatments. Thus, C3 PEPC activity in these detached wheat leaves appears
to be regulated by phosphorylation of a serine residue near the protein's N
terminus by a Ca2+ -independent protein kinase in response to a complex
interaction in vivo between light and N.
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