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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 108, Issue 1 39-46, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Low Temperature Induces the Accumulation of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Chalcone Synthase mRNAs of Arabidopsis thaliana in a Light-Dependent Manner
A. Leyva, J. A. Jarillo, J. Salinas and J. M. Martinez-Zapater
Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Virologia Vegetal, Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruna Km. 7, Madrid 28040, Spain
Anthocyanins, which accumulate in leaves and stems in response to low
temperature and changes in light intensity, are synthesized through the
phenylpropanoid pathway that is controlled by key enzymes that include
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS). In this work
we demonstrate that PAL and CHS mRNAs accumulate in leaves of Arabidopsis
thaliana (L.) Heynh. upon exposure to low temperature in a light-dependent
manner. The regulation of the PAL1 gene expression by low temperature and
light was examined by analyzing the expression of the [beta]-glucuronidase
(uidA) reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing the uidA
gene of Escherichia coli under the control of the PAL1 promoter. The
results indicate that the accumulation of PAL1 mRNA is transcriptionally
regulated. Histochemical staining for [beta]-glucuronidase activity showed
that the PAL1 promoter is preferentially activated in photosynthetically
active cells, paralleling anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, we show that
light may also be implicated in the regulation of the CHS gene in response
to bacterial infiltration. Finally, using two transparent testa Arabidopsis
mutants that are unable to accumulate anthocyanins, we demonstrate that
these pigments are not required for successful development of freezing
tolerance in this species.
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