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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 108, Issue 3 961-968, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Preincubation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with Genistein Accelerates Nodule Development of Soybean at Suboptimal Root Zone Temperatures
F. Zhang and D. L. Smith
Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
In the soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) N2-fixing symbiosis, suboptimal
root zone temperatures (RZTs) slow nodule development, especially at
temperatures below 17[deg]C. A step in the infection process that occurs
within the first 24 h is particularly sensitive to suboptimal RZT. The
first phase in the establishment of the soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicum
symbiosis is the exchange of recognition molecules. The most effective
plant-to-bacterium signal is genistein. Binding of genistein to B.
japonicum activates many of the B. japonicum nod genes. To our knowledge,
the potential of sub-optimal RZT to disrupt this interorganismal signaling
has not previously been investigated. Controlled environment experiments
were conducted to determine whether the preincubation of B. japonicum with
genistein increases soybean nodulation and N2 fixation at suboptimal RZT
and whether the time between inoculation and root-hair curling is shortened
by genistein application. The results of these experiments indicated that
(a) genistein application increased soybean nodulation at suboptimal RZTs
(17.5 and 15[deg]C) but not at the optimal RZT (25[deg]C); (b) the period
between inoculation and root-hair curling was shortened by inoculation with
bradyrhizobia preincubated with genistein; (c) at 17.5 and 15[deg]C RZT,
the onset of N2 fixation occurred earlier in plants that received
genistein-treated bradyrhizobia than in plants inoculated with untreated
bradyrhizobia; (d) over the tested concentration range, genistein
application at 15 to 20 [mu]M was the most effective in stimulating
nodulation; and (e) between 25 and 15[deg]C, as RZT decreased, there was an
increase in the nodulation-stimulating potential of genistein.
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