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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 108, Issue 4 1359-1368, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Methanol Emission from Leaves (Enzymatic Detection of Gas-Phase Methanol and Relation of Methanol Fluxes to Stomatal Conductance and Leaf Development)
M. Nemecek-Marshall, R. C. MacDonald, J. J. Franzen, C. L. Wojciechowski and R. Fall
University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
We recently reported the detection of methanol emissions from leaves (R.
MacDonald, R. Fall [1993] Atmos Environ 27A: 1709-1713). This could
represent a substantial flux of methanol to the atmosphere. Leaf methanol
production and emission have not been investigated in detail, in part
because of difficulties in sampling and analyzing methanol. In this study
we used an enzymatic method to convert methanol to a fluorescent product
and verified that leaves from several species emit methanol. Methanol was
emitted almost exclusively from the abaxial surfaces of hypostomatous
leaves but from both surfaces of amphistomatous leaves, suggesting that
methanol exits leaves via stomates. The role of stomatal conductance was
verified in experiments in which stomates were induced to close, resulting
in reduced methanol. Free methanol was detected in bean leaf extracts,
ranging from 26.8 [mu]g g-1 fresh weight in young leaves to 10.0 [mu]g g-1
fresh weight in older leaves. Methanol emission was related to leaf
development, generally declining with increasing leaf age after leaf
expansion; this is consistent with volatilization from a cellular pool that
declines in older leaves. It is possible that leaf emission could be a
major source of methanol found in the atmosphere of forests.
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