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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 108, Issue 4 1439-1448, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Evidence Implicating Dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde as an Intermediate in Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthesis
F. James, L. Paquet, S. A. Sparace, D. A. Gage and A. D. Hanson
Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0690 (F.J., A.D.H.)
3-Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an osmoprotectant accumulated by
certain flowering plants and algae. In Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC.
(Compositae) the first intermediate in DMSP biosynthesis has been shown to
be S-methylmethionine (SMM) (A.D. Hanson, J Rivoal, L. Paquet, D.A. Gage
[1994] Plant Physiol 105: 103-110). Other possible intermediates were
investigated by radiolabeling methods using W. biflora leaf discs. In
pulse-chase experiments with [35S]SMM, 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde
(DMSP- ald) acquired label rapidly and lost it during the chase period.
Conversely, 3-dimethylsulfoniopropylamine (DMSP-amine),
3-dimethylsulfoniopropionamide (DMSP-amide), and
4-dimethylsulfonio-2-hydroxybutyrate (DMSHB) labeled slowly and
continuously during both pulse and chase. When unlabeled compounds were
supplied along with [35S]SMM, DMSP-ald promoted [35S]DMSP-ald accumulation
but DMSHB, DMSP-amide, and DMSP-amine had no such trapping effect. These
data indicate that DMSP-ald is an intermediate in DMSP biosynthesis and
that the other three compounds are not. Consistent with this, [35S]DMSHB
was not metabolized to DMSP. Although [14C]DMSP-amine and [14C]DMSP-amide
were converted slowly to DMSP, similar or higher conversion rates were
found in plants that do not naturally accumulate DMSP, indicating that
nonspecific reactions were responsible. These nonaccumulating species did
not form [35S]DMSP-ald from [35S]SMM, implying that DMSP-ald is specific to
DMSP biosynthesis. W. biflora leaf discs catabolized supplied sulfonium
comppunds to dimethylsulfide at differing rates, in the order DMSP-ald
>> DMSP-amine > SMM > DMSP-amide > DMSHB > DMSP.
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