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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 109, Issue 2 549-556, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Tonoplast Na+/H+ Antiport Activity and Its Energization by the Vacuolar H+-ATPase in the Halophytic Plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L
B. J. Barkla, L. Zingarelli, E. Blumwald and JAC. Smith
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.J.B., L.Z., J.A.C.S.)
Tonoplast vesicles were isolated from leaf mesophyll tissue of the
inducible Crassulacean acid metabolism plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
to investigate the mechanism of vacuolar Na+ accumulation in this
halophilic species. In 8-week-old plants exposed to 200 mM NaCl for 2
weeks, tonoplast H+-ATPase activity was approximately doubled compared with
control plants of the same age, as determined by rates of both ATP
hydrolysis and ATP-dependent H+ transport. Evidence was also obtained for
the presence of an electroneutral Na+/H+ antiporter at the tonoplast that
is constitutively expressed, since extravesicular Na+ was able to dissipate
a pre-existing transmembrane pH gradient. Initial rates of H+ efflux showed
saturation kinetics with respect to extravesicular Na+ concentration and
were 2.1-fold higher from vesicles of salt-treated plants compared with the
controls. Na+-dependent H+ efflux also showed a high selectivity for Na+
over K+, was insensitive to the transmembrane electrical potential
difference, and was more than 50% inhibited by 200 [mu]M
N-amidino-3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazinecarboxamide hydrochloride. The close
correlation between increased Na+/H+ antiport and H+-ATPase activities in
response to salt treatment suggests that accumulation of the very high
concentrations of vacuolar Na+ found in M. crystallinum is energized by the
H+ electrochemical gradient across the tonoplast.
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