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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 109, Issue 2 697-706, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Cold Hardening of Spring and Winter Wheat and Rape Results in Differential Effects on Growth, Carbon Metabolism, and Carbohydrate Content
V. M. Hurry, A. Strand, M. Tobiaeson, P. Gardestrom and G. Oquist
Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Science, The Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia (V.M.H.)
The effect of long-term (months) exposure to low temperature (5[deg]C) on
growth, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism was studied in spring and
winter cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rape (Brassica napus).
Cold-grown winter rape and winter wheat maintained higher net assimilation
rates and higher in situ CO2 exchange rates than the respective cold-grown
spring cultivars. In particular, the relative growth rate of spring rape
declined over time at low temperature, and this was associated with a 92%
loss in in situ CO2 exchange rates. Associated with the high photosynthetic
rates of cold-grown winter cultivars was a 2-fold increase per unit of
protein in both stromal and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity
and a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in sucrose-phosphate synthase activity.
Neither spring cultivar increased enzyme activity on a per unit of protein
basis. We suggest that the recovery of photosynthetic capacity at low
temperature and the regulation of enzymatic activity represent acclimation
in winter cultivars. This allow these overwintering herbaceous annuals to
maximize the production of sugars with possible cryoprotective function and
to accumulate sufficient carbohydrate storage reserve to support basal
metabolism and regrowth in the spring.
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