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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 109, Issue 3 1039-1045, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH REGULATION |
Expression of Functional Oat Phytochrome A in Transgenic Rice
R. C. Clough, J. J. Casal, E. T. Jordan, P. Christou and R. D. Vierstra
Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (R.C.C., E.T.J., R.D.V.)
To investigate the biological functions of phytochromes in monocots, we
generated, by electric discharge particle bombardment, transgenic rice
(Oryza sativa cv Gulfmont) that constitutively expresses the oat
phytochrome A apoprotein. The introduced 124-kD polypeptide bound
chromophore and assembled into a red- and far-red-light-photoreversible
chromoprotein with absorbance spectra indistinguishable from those of
phytochrome purified from etiolated oats. Transgenic lines expressed up to
3 and 4 times more spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome than
wild-type plants in etiolated and green seedlings, respectively. Upon
photoconversion to the far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome, oat
phytochrome A was degraded in etiolated seedlings with kinetics similar to
those of endogenous rice phytochromes (half-life approximately 20 min).
Although plants overexpressing phytochrome A were phenotypically
indistinguishable from wild-type plants when grown under high-fluence white
light, they were more sensitive as etiolated seedlings to light pulses that
established very low phytochrome equilibria. This indicates that the
introduced oat phytochrome A was biologically active. Thus, rice
ectopically expressing PHY genes may offer a useful model to help
understand the physiological functions of the various phytochrome isoforms
in monocotyledonous plants.
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