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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 109, Issue 3 797-802, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Formation of the Ferritin Iron Mineral Occurs in Plastids (An X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study
G. S. Waldo, E. Wright, Z. H. Whang, J. F. Briat, E. C. Theil and D. E. Sayers
Department of Physics and Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (G.S.W., E.W., Z.-H.W., E.C.T., D.E.S)
Ferritin in plants is a nuclear-encoded, multisubunit protein found in
plastids; an N-terminal transit peptide targets the protein to the plastid,
but the site for formation of the ferritin Fe mineral is unknown. In
biology, ferritin is required to concentrate Fe to levels needed by cells
(approximately 10-7 M), far above the solubility of the free ion (10-18 M);
the protein directs the reversible phase transition of the hydrated metal
ion in solution to hydrated Fe-oxo mineral. Low phosphate characterizes the
solid-phase Fe mineral in the center of ferritin of the cytosolic animal
ferritin, but high phosphate is the hallmark of Fe mineral in prokaryotic
ferritin and plant (pea [Pisum sativum L.] seed) ferritin. Earlier studies
using x-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that high concentrations of
phosphate present during ferritin mineralization in vitro altered the local
structure of Fe in the ferritin mineral so that it mimicked the prokaryotic
type, whether the protein was from animals or bacteria. The use of x-ray
absorption spectroscopy to analyze the Fe environment in pea-seed ferritin
now shows that the natural ferritin mineral in plants has an Fe-P
interaction at 3.26A, similar to that of bacterial ferritin; phosphate also
prevented formation of the longer Fe-Fe interactions at 3.5A found in
animal ferritins or in pea-seed ferritin reconstituted without phosphate.
Such results indicate that ferritin mineralization occurs in the plastid,
where the phosphate content is higher; a corollary is the existence of a
plastid Fe uptake system to allow the concentration of Fe in the ferritin
mineral.
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