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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 109, Issue 4 1179-1189, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH REGULATION |
Altered Growth and Wood Characteristics in Transgenic Hybrid Aspen Expressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA Indoleacetic Acid-Biosynthetic Genes
H. Tuominen, F. Sitbon, C. Jacobsson, G. Sandberg, O. Olsson and B. Sundberg
Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umea, Sweden
A key regulator of cambial growth is the plant hormone indoleacetic acid
(IAA). Here we report on altered wood characteristics and growth patterns
in transgenic hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides
Michx.) expressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA IAA-biosynthetic iaaM
and iaaH genes. Eighteen lines simultaneously expressing both genes were
regenerated. Of these, four lines, verified to be transgenic by northern
blot analysis, were selected and raised under controlled growth conditions.
All four lines were affected in their growth patterns, including
alterations in height and stem diameter growth, internode elongation, leaf
enlargement, and degree of apical dominance. Two transgenic lines, showing
the most distinct phenotypic deviation from the wild type, were
characterized in more detail for free and conjugated IAA levels and for
wood characteristics. Both lines showed an altered IAA balance,
particularly in mature leaves and roots where IAA levels were elevated.
They also exhibited changes in wood anatomy, most notably a reduction in
vessel size, an increase in vessel density, and changes in ray development.
Thus, the recent development of techniques for gene transfer to forest
trees enabled us to investigate the influence of an altered IAA balance on
xylem development in an intact experimental system. In addition, the
results demonstrate the possibility of manipulating wood properties in a
forest tree through controlled changes of IAA concentration and
distribution.
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