PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 109, Issue 4 1427-1433, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Plant Biologists

WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY

Mechanisms of Cadmium Mobility and Accumulation in Indian Mustard

D. E. Salt, R. C. Prince, I. J. Pickering and I. Raskin
Center for Agricultural and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Cook College, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (D.E.S., I.R.)

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), a high biomass crop plant, accumulated substantial amounts of cadmium, with bioaccumulation coefficients (concentration of Cd in dry plant tissue/concentration in solution) of up to 1100 in shoots and 6700 in roots at nonphytotoxic concentrations of Cd (0.1 [mu]g/mL) in solution. This was associated with a rapid accumulation of phytochelatins in the root, where the majority of the Cd was coordinated with sulfur ligands, probably as a Cd-S4 complex, as demonstrated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. In contrast, Cd moving in the xylem sap was coordinated predominantly with oxygen or nitrogen ligands. Cd concentrations in the xylem sap and the rate of Cd accumulation in the leaves displayed similar saturation kinetics, suggesting that the process of Cd transport from solution through the root and into the xylem is mediated by a saturable transport system(s). However, Cd translocation to the shoot appeared to be driven by transpiration, since ABA dramatically reduced Cd accumulation in leaves. Within leaves, Cd was preferentially accumulated in trichomes on the leaf surface, and this may be a possible detoxification mechanism.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Mijovilovich, B. Leitenmaier, W. Meyer-Klaucke, P. M.H. Kroneck, B. Gotz, and H. Kupper Complexation and Toxicity of Copper in Higher Plants. II. Different Mechanisms for Copper versus Cadmium Detoxification in the Copper-Sensitive Cadmium/Zinc Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (Ganges Ecotype) Plant Physiology, October 1, 2009; 151(2): 715 - 731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Uraguchi, S. Mori, M. Kuramata, A. Kawasaki, T. Arao, and S. Ishikawa Root-to-shoot Cd translocation via the xylem is the major process determining shoot and grain cadmium accumulation in rice J. Exp. Bot., July 1, 2009; 60(9): 2677 - 2688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Rodriguez-Serrano, M. C. Romero-Puertas, D. M. Pazmino, P. S. Testillano, M. C. Risueno, L. A. del Rio, and L. M. Sandalio Cellular Response of Pea Plants to Cadmium Toxicity: Cross Talk between Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide, and Calcium Plant Physiology, May 1, 2009; 150(1): 229 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Besson-Bard, A. Gravot, P. Richaud, P. Auroy, C. Duc, F. Gaymard, L. Taconnat, J.-P. Renou, A. Pugin, and D. Wendehenne Nitric Oxide Contributes to Cadmium Toxicity in Arabidopsis by Promoting Cadmium Accumulation in Roots and by Up-Regulating Genes Related to Iron Uptake Plant Physiology, March 1, 2009; 149(3): 1302 - 1315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Rius, P. Casati, A. A. Iglesias, and D. F. Gomez-Casati Characterization of Arabidopsis Lines Deficient in GAPC-1, a Cytosolic NAD-Dependent Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Plant Physiology, November 1, 2008; 148(3): 1655 - 1667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L.-l. Lu, S.-k. Tian, X.-e Yang, X.-c. Wang, P. Brown, T.-q. Li, and Z.-l. He Enhanced root-to-shoot translocation of cadmium in the hyperaccumulating ecotype of Sedum alfredii J. Exp. Bot., August 1, 2008; 59(11): 3203 - 3213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Jasinski, D. Sudre, G. Schansker, M. Schellenberg, S. Constant, E. Martinoia, and L. Bovet AtOSA1, a Member of the Abc1-Like Family, as a New Factor in Cadmium and Oxidative Stress Response Plant Physiology, June 1, 2008; 147(2): 719 - 731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Ueno, T. Iwashita, F.-J. Zhao, and J. F. Ma Characterization of Cd Translocation and Identification of the Cd Form in Xylem Sap of the Cd-Hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri Plant Cell Physiol., April 1, 2008; 49(4): 540 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Van der Vliet, C. Peterson, and B. Hale Cd accumulation in roots and shoots of durum wheat: the roles of transpiration rate and apoplastic bypass J. Exp. Bot., September 4, 2007; (2007) erm119v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wawrzynski, E. Kopera, A. Wawrzynska, J. Kaminska, W. Bal, and A. Sirko Effects of simultaneous expression of heterologous genes involved in phytochelatin biosynthesis on thiol content and cadmium accumulation in tobacco plants J. Exp. Bot., July 1, 2006; 57(10): 2173 - 2182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Sarret, E. Harada, Y.-E. Choi, M.-P. Isaure, N. Geoffroy, S. Fakra, M. A. Marcus, M. Birschwilks, S. Clemens, and A. Manceau Trichomes of Tobacco Excrete Zinc as Zinc-Substituted Calcium Carbonate and Other Zinc-Containing Compounds Plant Physiology, July 1, 2006; 141(3): 1021 - 1034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Chen, E. A. Komives, and J. I. Schroeder An Improved Grafting Technique for Mature Arabidopsis Plants Demonstrates Long-Distance Shoot-to-Root Transport of Phytochelatins in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, May 1, 2006; 141(1): 108 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Sharma and K.-J. Dietz The significance of amino acids and amino acid-derived molecules in plant responses and adaptation to heavy metal stress J. Exp. Bot., March 1, 2006; 57(4): 711 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Alkio, T. M. Tabuchi, X. Wang, and A. Colon-Carmona Stress responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Arabidopsis include growth inhibition and hypersensitive response-like symptoms J. Exp. Bot., November 1, 2005; 56(421): 2983 - 2994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Fusco, L. Micheletto, G. Dal Corso, L. Borgato, and A. Furini Identification of cadmium-regulated genes by cDNA-AFLP in the heavy metal accumulator Brassica juncea L. J. Exp. Bot., November 1, 2005; 56(421): 3017 - 3027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. PAGE and U. FELLER Selective Transport of Zinc, Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt and Cadmium in the Root System and Transfer to the Leaves in Young Wheat Plants Ann. Bot., September 1, 2005; 96(3): 425 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Cosio, L. DeSantis, B. Frey, S. Diallo, and C. Keller Distribution of cadmium in leaves of Thlaspi caerulescens J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2005; 56(412): 765 - 775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Sancenon, S. Puig, I. Mateu-Andres, E. Dorcey, D. J. Thiele, and L. Penarrubia The Arabidopsis Copper Transporter COPT1 Functions in Root Elongation and Pollen Development J. Biol. Chem., April 9, 2004; 279(15): 15348 - 15355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Kupper, A. Mijovilovich, W. Meyer-Klaucke, and P. M.H. Kroneck Tissue- and Age-Dependent Differences in the Complexation of Cadmium and Zinc in the Cadmium/Zinc Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (Ganges Ecotype) Revealed by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Plant Physiology, February 1, 2004; 134(2): 748 - 757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. J. WAGNER, E. WANG, and R. W. SHEPHERD New Approaches for Studying and Exploiting an Old Protuberance, the Plant Trichome Ann. Bot., January 1, 2004; 93(1): 3 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-M. Gong, D. A. Lee, and J. I. Schroeder Long-distance root-to-shoot transport of phytochelatins and cadmium in Arabidopsis PNAS, August 19, 2003; 100(17): 10118 - 10123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Siripornadulsil, S. Traina, D. P. S. Verma, and R. T. Sayre Molecular Mechanisms of Proline-Mediated Tolerance to Toxic Heavy Metals in Transgenic Microalgae PLANT CELL, November 1, 2002; 14(11): 2837 - 2847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. H. Larsson, H. Asp, and J. F. Bornman Influence of prior Cd2+ exposure on the uptake of Cd2+ and other elements in the phytochelatin-deficient mutant, cad1-3, of Arabidopsis thaliana J. Exp. Bot., March 1, 2002; 53(368): 447 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. E. Brown Jr. and N. C. Sturchio An Overview of Synchrotron Radiation Applications to Low Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, January 1, 2002; 49(1): 1 - 115. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Lasat Phytoextraction of Toxic Metals: A Review of Biological Mechanisms J. Environ. Qual., January 1, 2002; 31(1): 109 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Hale, S. P. McGrath, E. Lombi, S. M. Stack, N. Terry, I. J. Pickering, G. N. George, and E. A.H. Pilon-Smits Molybdenum Sequestration in Brassica Species. A Role for Anthocyanins? Plant Physiology, August 1, 2001; 126(4): 1391 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L. Guerinot and D. E. Salt Fortified Foods and Phytoremediation. Two Sides of the Same Coin Plant Physiology, January 1, 2001; 125(1): 164 - 167. [Full Text]

				I. J. Pickering, R. C. Prince, M. J. George, R. D. Smith, G. N. George, and D. E. Salt Reduction and Coordination of Arsenic in Indian Mustard Plant Physiology, April 1, 2000; 122(4): 1171 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. E.V. Schmoger, M. Oven, and E. Grill Detoxification of Arsenic by Phytochelatins in Plants Plant Physiology, March 1, 2000; 122(3): 793 - 802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Gleba, N. V. Borisjuk, L. G. Borisjuk, R. Kneer, A. Poulev, M. Skarzhinskaya, S. Dushenkov, S. Logendra, Y. Y. Gleba, and I. Raskin Use of plant roots for phytoremediation and molecular farming PNAS, May 25, 1999; 96(11): 5973 - 5977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Liang Zhu, E. A.H. Pilon-Smits, L. Jouanin, and N. Terry Overexpression of Glutathione Synthetase in Indian Mustard Enhances Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance Plant Physiology, January 1, 1999; 119(1): 73 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. García-Hernández, A. Murphy, and L. Taiz Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Have Distinct but Overlapping Expression Patterns in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, October 1, 1998; 118(2): 387 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. A. Piñeros, J. E. Shaff, and L. V. Kochian Development, Characterization, and Application of a Cadmium-Selective Microelectrode for the Measurement of Cadmium Fluxes in Roots of Thlaspi Species and Wheat Plant Physiology, April 1, 1998; 116(4): 1393 - 1401. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. J. Hart, R. M. Welch, W. A. Norvell, L. A. Sullivan, and L. V. Kochian Characterization of Cadmium Binding, Uptake, and Translocation in Intact Seedlings of Bread and Durum Wheat Cultivars Plant Physiology, April 1, 1998; 116(4): 1413 - 1420. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G. Gutierrez-Alcala, C. Gotor, A. J. Meyer, M. Fricker, J. M. Vega, and L. C. Romero Glutathione biosynthesis in Arabidopsis trichome cells PNAS, September 26, 2000; 97(20): 11108 - 11113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. J. Pickering, R. C. Prince, D. E. Salt, and G. N. George Quantitative, chemically specific imaging of selenium transformation in plants PNAS, September 26, 2000; 97(20): 10717 - 10722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]