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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 110, Issue 3 721-729, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Cell-Wall Polysaccharides of Developing Flax Plants
T. A. Gorshkova, S. E. Wyatt, V. V. Salnikov, D. M. Gibeaut, M. R. Ibragimov, V. V. Lozovaya and N. C. Carpita
Laboratory of Cell Wall Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420503, Russia (T.A.G., V.V.S., M.R.I., V.V.L.)
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibers originate from procambial cells of the
protophloem and develop in cortical bundles that encircle the vascular
cylinder. We determined the polysaccharide composition of the cell walls
from various organs of the developing flax plant, from fiber-rich strips
peeled from the stem, and from the xylem. Ammonium oxalate-soluble
polysaccharides from all tissues contained 5-linked arabinans with low
degrees of branching, rhamnogalacturonans, and polygalacturonic acid. The
fiber-rich peels contained, in addition, substantial amounts of a
buffer-soluble, 4-linked galactan branched at the 0-2 and 0-3 positions
with nonreducing terminal-galactosyl units. The cross-linking glycans from
all tissues were (fucogalacto)xyloglucan, typical of type-I cell walls,
xylans containing (1->)-[beta]-D-xylosyl units branched exclusively at
the xylosyl O-2 with t-(4-O-methyl)-glucosyluronic acid units, and
(galacto)glucomannans. Tissues containing predominantly primary cell wall
contained a larger proportion of xyloglucan. The xylem cells were composed
of about 60% 4-xylans, 32% cellulose, and small amounts of pectin and the
other cross-linking polysaccharides. The noncellulosic polysaccharides of
flax exhibit an uncommonly low degree of branching compared to similar
polysaccharides from other flowering plants. Although the relative
abundance of the various noncellulosic polysaccharides varies widely among
the different cell types, the linkage structure and degree of branching of
several of the noncellulosic polysaccharides are invariant.
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