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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 110, Issue 3 845-857, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Immunolocalization of Antifreeze Proteins in Winter Rye Leaves, Crowns, and Roots by Tissue Printing
M. Antikainen, M. Griffith, J. Zhang, W. C. Hon, DSC. Yang and K. Pihakaski-Maunsbach
Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland (M.A., K.P.-M.)
During cold acclimation, antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that are similar to
pathogenesis-related proteins accumulate in the apoplast of winter rye
(Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer) leaves. AFPs have the ability to modify
the growth of ice. To elucidate the role of AFPs in the freezing process,
they were assayed and immunolocalized in winter rye leaves, crowns, and
roots. Each of the total soluble protein extracts from cold-acclimated rye
leaves, crowns, and roots exhibited antifreeze activity, whereas no
antifreeze activity was observed in extracts from nonacclimated rye plants.
Antibodies raised against three apoplastic rye AFPs, corresponding to a
glucanase-like protein (GLP, 32 kD), a chitinase-like protein (CLP, 35 kD),
and a thaumatin-like protein (TLP, 25 kD), were used in tissue printing to
show that the AFPs are localized in the epidermis and in cells surrounding
intercellular spaces in cold-acclimated plants. Although GLPs, CLPs, and
TLPs were present in nonacclimated plants, they were found in different
locations and did not exhibit antifreeze activity, which suggests that
different isoforms of pathogenesis-related proteins are produced at low
temperature. The location of rye AFPs may prevent secondary nucleation of
cells by epiphytic ice or by ice propagating through the xylem. The
distributions of pathogenesis-induced and cold-accumulated GLPs, CLPs, and
TLPs are similar and may reflect the common pathways by which both
pathogens and ice enter and propagate through plant tissues.
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