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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 111, Issue 1 115-126, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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GENE REGULATION AND MOLECULAR GENETICS |
The Arabidopsis Profilin Gene Family (Evidence for an Ancient Split between Constitutive and Pollen-Specific Profilin Genes)
S. Huang, J. M. McDowell, M. J. Weise and R. B. Meagher
Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (R.B.M., M.J.W.)
Profilin is a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein that regulates the actin
cytoskeleton and recently has been identified as a potent allergen in
pollen. We examined the profilin gene family in the model plant,
Arabidopsis thaliana, and found that it contained approximately 8 to 10
members. Four distinct profilin sequences, three cDNAs, PRF1, PRF2, and
PRF3, and two genomic clones, PRF1 and PRF4, were isolated and
characterized. These genes encoded four distinct profilin isoforms of 131
to 134 amino acids. Northern and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain
reaction analyses demonstrated that Arabidopsis PRF1 was expressed in all
major plant organs, whereas PRF4 was specifically expressed in mature
pollen. Gene trees constructed from amino acid sequence data revealed the
presence of two ancient, distinct profilin gene classes in plants. PRF4 was
in a class with previously identified pollen-specific profilins from
monocot and dicot species. PRF1, PRF2, PRF3, and a distant dicot sequence
formed a separate novel class, suggesting an ancient separation of plant
profilins based on regulation and perhaps function. The coevolution of
plant actin and profilin classes with similar patterns of expression is
discussed. The similarity of plant, fungal, protist, insect, and nematode
profilins and their extreme divergence from the vertebrate profilins has
striking implications for the evolution of fungal-spore- and
plant-pollen-profilins as allergens.
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