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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 111, Issue 1 235-242, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Calorimetric Properties of Dehydrating Pollen (Analysis of a Desiccation-Tolerant and an Intolerant Species)
J. Buitink, C. Walters-Vertucci, F. A. Hoekstra and O. Leprince
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Seed Storage Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 (J.B., C.W.-V., O.L.)
The physical state of water in the desiccation-tolerant pollen of Typha
latifolia L. and the desiccation-sensitive pollen of Zea mays L. was
studied using differential scanning calorimetry in an attempt to further
unravel the complex mechanisms of desiccation tolerance. Melting
transitions of water were not observed at water content (wc) values less
than 0.21 (T. latifolia) and 0.26 (Z. mays) g H2O/g dry weight. At moisture
levels at which melting transitions were not observable, water properties
could be characterized by changes in heat capacity. Three hydration regions
could be distinguished with the defining wc values changing as a function
of temperature. Shifts in baseline power resembling second-order
transitions were observed in both species and were interpreted as
glass-to-liquid transitions, the glass-transition temperatures being
dependent on wc. Irrespective of the extent of desiccation tolerance, both
pollens exhibited similar state diagrams. The viability of maize pollen at
room temperature decreased gradually with the removal of the unfrozen water
fraction. In maize, viability was completely lost before grains were
sufficiently dried to enter into a glassy state. Apparently, the glassy
state per se cannot provide desiccation tolerance. From the existing data,
we conclude that, although no major differences in the physical behavior of
water could be distinguished between desiccation-tolerant and -intolerant
pollens, the physiological response to the loss of water varies between the
two pollen types.
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