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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 111, Issue 2 605-612, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Cell-Wall Changes and Cell Tension in Response to Cold Acclimation and Exogenous Abscisic Acid in Leaves and Cell Cultures
C. B. Rajashekar and A. Lafta
Division of Horticulture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
Freeze-induced cell tensions were determined by cell water relations in
leaves of broadleaf evergreen species and cell cultures of grapes (Vitis
spp.) and apple (Malus domestica). Cell tensions increased in response to
cold acclimation in leaves of broadleaf evergreen species during
extracellular freezing, indicating a higher resistance to cell volume
changes during freezing in cold-hardened leaves than in unhardened leaves.
Unhardened leaves, typically, did not develop tension greater than 3.67
MPa, whereas cold-hardened leaves attained tensions up to 12 MPa. With
further freezing there was a rapid decline and a loss of tension in
unhardened leaves of all the broadleaf evergreen species studied. Also,
similar results were observed in cold-hardened leaves of all of the species
except in those of inkberry (Ilex glabra) and Euonymus fortunei, in which
negative pressures persisted below -40[deg]C. Abscisic acid treatment of
inkberry and Euonymus kiautschovica resulted in increases in freeze-induced
tensions in leaves, suggesting that both cold acclimation and abscisic acid
have similar effects on freezing behavior[mdash] specifically on the
ability of cell walls to undergo deformation. Decreases in peak tensions
were generally associated with lethal freezing injury and may suggest
cavitation of cellular water. However, in suspension-cultured cells of
grapes and apple, no cell tension was observed during freezing. Cold
acclimation of these cells resulted in an increase in the cell-wall
strength and a decrease in the limiting cell-wall pore size from 35 to 22 A
in grape cells and from 29 to 22 A in apple cells.
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