Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 111, Issue 3 839-848, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists

BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY

Biochemical Characterization of the Extracellular Phosphatases Produced by Phosphorus-Deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

J. D. Quisel, D. D. Wykoff and A. R. Grossman
The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Plant Biology, 290 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305 (A.R.G.)

We have examined the extracellular phosphatases produced by the terrestrial green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to phosphorus deprivation. Phosphorus-deprived cells increase extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity 300-fold relative to unstarved cells. The alkaline phosphatases are released into the medium by cell-wall-deficient strains and by wild-type cells after treatment with autolysin, indicating that they are localized to the periplasm. Anion-exchange chromatography and analysis by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that there are two major inducible alkaline phosphatases. A calcium-dependent enzyme composed of 190-kD glycoprotein subunits accounts for 85 to 95% of the alkaline phosphatase activity. This phosphatase has optimal activity at pH 9.5 and a Km of 120 to 262 [mu]M for all physiological substrates tested, with the exception of phytic acid, which it cleaved with a 50-fold lower efficiency. An enzyme with optimal activity at pH 9 and no requirement for divalent cations accounts for 2 to 10% of the alkaline phosphatase activity. This phosphatase was only able to efficiently hydrolyze arylphosphates. The information reported here, in conjunction with the results of previous studies, defines the complement of extracellular phosphatases produced by phosphorus-deprived Chlamydomonas cells.


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