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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 111, Issue 4 1251-1261, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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GENE REGULATION AND MOLECULAR GENETICS |
Two Genes Encode Highly Similar Chloroplastic NADP-Malic Enzymes in Flaveria (Implications for the Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis)
J. S. Marshall, J. D. Stubbs and W. C. Taylor
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Division of Plant Industry, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (J.S.M., W.C.T.)
To gain an understanding of the molecular events underlying the evolution
of C4 photosynthesis, we have undertaken a detailed study of the NADP-malic
enzyme gene family in C4 and C3 species of Flaveria. Three genomic clones
from the C4 species Flaveria bidentis were characterized and found to
encode two highly similar chloroplastic forms of NADP-malic enzyme, termed
ME1 and ME2. Genomic Southern blotting with gene-specific probes showed
that both Me1 and Me2 are found in Flaveria trinervia (C4) and Flaveria
pringlei (C3) as well as in F. bidentis. Northern blots demonstrated that
Me1 expression in leaves parallels the degree of C4 photosynthesis in seven
Flaveria species. Furthermore, whereas Me2 was expressed at a low level in
both roots and leaves of F. bidentis, Me1 expression was seen only in
leaves and was light-regulated. We discuss these results in the context of
the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in Flaveria.
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