Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 111, Issue 4 1271-1279, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists

GENE REGULATION AND MOLECULAR GENETICS

Cold-Shock Regulation of the Arabidopsis TCH Genes and the Effects of Modulating Intracellular Calcium Levels

D. H. Polisensky and J. Braam
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892

The Arabidopsis TCH genes, which encode calmodulin-related proteins and a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, are shown to be up-regulated in expression following cold shock. We investigated a possible role of fluctuations in intracellular calcium ion concentra- tions ([Ca2+]) in the cold-shock-induced TCH gene expression. Transgenic plants harboring the apoaequorin gene were generated to monitor [Ca2+] and to test the necessity of cold-induced [Ca2+] increases for TCH expression. Cold-shock-induced [Ca2+] increases can be blocked by La3+ and Gd3+, putative plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blockers, and 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N[prime],N[prime]- tetraacetic acid, an extracellular Ca2+ chelator. Cold-shock-induced expression of the TCH genes is inhibited by levels of La3+, Gd3+, and 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N[prime],N[prime]-tetraacetic acid, that have been shown to block [Ca2+] increases. These data support the hypotheses that (a) intracellular [Ca2+] increases following cold shock require extracellular Ca2+ and may derive from a Ca2+ influx mediated by plasmalemma Ca2+ channels, and (b) cold up-regulation of expression of at least a subset of the TCH genes requires an intracellular [Ca2+] increase. The inhibitors are also shown to have stimulus-independent effects on gene expression, providing strong evidence that these commonly used chemicals have more complex effects than generally reported.


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