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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 112, Issue 2 575-583, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists

WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY

Stimulation of Symbiotic N2 Fixation in Trifolium repens L. under Elevated Atmospheric pCO2 in a Grassland Ecosystem

S. Zanetti, U. A. Hartwig, A. Luscher, T. Hebeisen, M. Frehner, B. U. Fischer, G. R. Hendrey, H. Blum and J. Nosberger
Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland

Symbiotic N2 fixation is one of the main processes that introduces N into terrestrial ecosystems. As such, it may be crucial for the sequestration of the extra C available in a world of continuously increasing atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The effect of elevated pCO2 (60 Pa) on symbiotic N2 fixation (15N-isotope dilution method) was investigated using Free-Air-CO2-Enrichment technology over a period of 3 years. Trifolium repens was cultivated either alone or together with Lolium perenne (a nonfixing reference crop) in mixed swards. Two different N fertilization levels and defoliation frequencies were applied. The total N yield increased consistently and the percentage of plant N derived from symbiotic N2 fixation increased significantly in T. repens under elevated pCO2. All additionally assimilated N was derived from symbiotic N2 fixation, not from the soil. In the mixtures exposed to elevated pCO2, an increased amount of symbiotically fixed N (+7.8, 8.2, and 6.2 g m-2 a-1 in 1993, 1994, and 1995, respectively) was introduced into the system. Increased N2 fixation is a competitive advantage for T. repens in mixed swards with pasture grasses and may be a crucial factor in maintaining the C:N ratio in the ecosystem as a whole.


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