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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 112, Issue 3 1101-1109, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Al Toxicity in Yeast (A Role for Mg?)
C. W. MacDiarmid and R. C. Gardner
Center for Gene Technology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
We have established conditions in which soluble Al is toxic to the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The major modifications to a standard synthetic
medium were lowering the pH and the concentration of Mg ions. Alterations
to the PO4, Ca, or K concentration had little effect on toxicity. Organic
acids known to chelate Al reduced its toxicity, suggesting that Al3+ is the
toxic Al species. The unique ability of Mg ions to ameliorate Al toxicity
led us to investigate the hypothesis that Al inhibits Mg uptake by yeast.
Yeast cells accumulate Mg, Co, Zn, Ni, and Mn ions via the same transport
system (G.F. Fuhrmann, A. Rothstein [1968] Biochim Biophys Acta 163: 325-
330). Al3+ inhibited the accumulation of 57Co2+ by yeast cells more
effectively than Ga, La, or Mg. In addition, a mutant yeast strain with a
defect in divalent cation uptake proved to be more sensitive to Al than a
wild-type strain. Taken together, these results suggest that Al may cause
Mg deficiency in yeast by blocking Mg transport. We discuss the relevance
of yeast as a model for the study of Al toxicity in plant systems.
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