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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 113, Issue 2 463-468, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Origin of the Thiazole Ring of Camalexin, a Phytoalexin from Arabidopsis thaliana
M. Zook and R. Hammerschmidt
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
The principal phytoalexin that accumulates in Arabidopsis thaliana after
infection by fungi or bacteria is 3-thiazol-2[prime]-yl-indole (camalexin).
Detached noninoculated leaves of Arabidopsis and leaves inoculated with the
fungus Cochliobolus carbonum were fed [35S]cysteine (Cys) and
[35S]methionine. Inoculated leaves incorporated more than a 200-fold
greater amount of radioactivity from [35S]Cys into camalexin, as compared
with noninoculated leaves. The amount of radioactivity from [35S]Cys that
was incorporated into camalexin from inoculated Arabidopsis leaves was
10-fold greater than the amount of radioactivity that was incorporated into
camalexin from [35S]methionine. Additional labeling experiments were
performed to determine whether other atoms of Cys are incorporated into
camalexin. [14C]Cys and [35S]Cys were incorporated into camalexin with
approximately the same efficiency. Cys labeled either with deuterium
(D3-Cys[2,3,3]) or 13C and 15N ([U-13C,15N]Cys) was also fed to inoculated
leaves of Arabidopsis; camalexin was analyzed by mass spectroscopic
analysis. The average ratio of molecular ion intensities of 203/200 for
[U-13C,15N]Cys-labeled camalexin was 4.22, as compared with 0.607 for the
average 203/200 ratio for unlabeled camalexin. The mass fragment-ion
intensity ratios of 60/58 (thiazole ring ion fragment) and 143/142 were
also higher for [U-13C,15N]Cys-labeled camalexin, as compared with
unlabeled camalexin. The 59/58 and 201/200 ratios were higher for
D3-Cys-labeled camalexin as compared with unlabeled camalexin. These data
are consistent with the predicted formation of the thiazole ring of
camalexin from Cys.
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