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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 113, Issue 3 933-942, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Accumulation of Ricinoleic, Lesquerolic, and Densipolic Acids in Seeds of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants That Express a Fatty Acyl Hydroxylase cDNA from Castor Bean
P. Broun and C. Somerville
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Plant Biology, 290 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305
A cDNA encoding the oleate 12-hydroxylase from castor bean (Ricinus
communis L.) has previously been shown to direct the synthesis of small
amounts of ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoctadeccis-9-enoic acid) in seeds of
transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of the cDNA under control of the
Brassica napus napin promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants
resulted in the accumulation of up to 17% of seed fatty acids as
ricinoleate and two novel fatty acids that have been identified by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry as lesquerolic
(14-hydroxyeicos-cis-11-enoic acid) and densipolic
(12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9,15-dienoic acid) acids. Traces of auricolic acid
were also observed. These results suggest that either the castor
hydroxylase can utilize oleic acid and eicosenoic acid as substrates for
ricinoleic and lesquerolic acid biosynthesis, respectively, or Arabidopsis
contains an elongase that accepts ricinoleic acid as a substrate. These
observations are also consistent with indirect biochemical evidence that an
n-3 desaturase is capable of converting ricinoleic acid to densipolic acid.
Expression of the castor hydroxylase also caused enhanced accumulation of
oleic acid and a corresponding decrease in the levels of polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Since the steady-state level of mRNA for the oleate-12
desaturase was not affected, it appears that the presence of the
hydroxylase, directly or indirectly, causes posttranscriptional inhibition
of desaturation.
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