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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 114, Issue 1 109-118, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
A New Mechanism for the Regulation of Stomatal Aperture Size in Intact Leaves (Accumulation of Mesophyll-Derived Sucrose in the Guard-Cell Wall of Vicia faba)
P. Lu, W. H. Outlaw Jr, B. G. Smith and G. A. Freed
Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3050
At various times after pulse-labeling broad bean (Vicia faba L.) leaflets
with 14CO2, whole-leaf pieces and rinsed epidermal peels were harvested and
subsequently processed for histochemical analysis. Cells dissected from
whole leaf retained apoplastic contents, whereas those from rinsed peels
contained only symplastic contents. Sucrose (Suc)-specific radioactivity
peaked (111 GBq mol-1) in palisade cells at 20 min. In contrast, the 14C
content and Sucspecific radioactivity were very low in guard cells for 20
min, implying little CO2 incorporation; both then peaked at 40 min. The
guard-cell apoplast had a high maximum Suc-specific radioactivity (204 GBq
mol-1) and a high Suc influx rate (0.05 pmol stoma-1 min-1). These and
other comparisons implied the presence of (a) multiple Suc pools in
mesophyll cells, (b) a localized mesophyll-apoplast region that exchanges
with phloem and stomata, and (c) mesophyll-derived Suc in guard-cell walls
sufficient to diminish stomatal opening by approximately 3 [mu]m. Factors
expected to enhance Suc accumulation in guard-cell walls are (a) high
transpiration rate, which closes stomata, and (b) high apoplastic Suc
concentration, which is elevated when mesophyll Suc efflux exceeds
translocation. Therefore, multiple physiological factors are integrated in
the attenuation of stomatal aperture size by this previously unrecognized
mechanism.
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