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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 114, Issue 1 213-221, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Floral Scent Production in Clarkia breweri (Onagraceae) (II. Localization and Developmental Modulation of the Enzyme S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine:(Iso)Eugenol O-Methyltransferase and Phenylpropanoid Emission)
J. Wang, N. Dudareva, S. Bhakta, R. A. Raguso and E. Pichersky
Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
We have previously shown (R.A. Raguso, E. Pichersky [1995] Plant Syst Evol
194: 55-67) that the strong, sweet fragrance of Clarkia breweri
(Onagraceae), an annual plant native to California, consists of 8 to 12
volatile compounds, including 4 phenylpropanoids. Although some C. breweri
plants emit all 4 phenylpropanoids (eugenol, isoeugenol, methyleugenol, and
isomethyleugenol), other C. breweri plants do not emit the latter 2
compounds. Here we report that petal tissue was responsible for the bulk of
the phenylpropanoid emission. The activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:
(iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase (IEMT), a novel enzyme that catalyzes the
methylation of the para-4[prime]-hydroxyl of both eugenol and (iso)eugenol
to methyleugenol and isomethyleugenol, respectively, was also highest in
petal tissue. IEMT activity was absent from floral tissues of plants not
emitting (iso)methyleugenol. A C. breweri cDNA clone encoding IEMT was
isolated, and its sequence was shown to have 70% identity to
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. The protein
encoded by this cDNA can use eugenol and isoeugenol as substrates, but not
caffeic acid. Steady-state IEMT mRNA levels were positively correlated with
levels of IEMT activity in the tissues, and no IEMT mRNA was observed in
flowers that do not emit (iso)methyleugenol. Overall, the data show that
the floral emission of (iso)methyleugenol is controlled at the site of
emission, that a positive correlation exists between volatile emission and
IEMT activity, and that control of the level of IEMT activity is exerted at
a pretranslational step.
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