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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 115, Issue 1 137-149, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION |
Influence of Salicylic Acid on H2O2 Production, Oxidative Stress, and H2O2-Metabolizing Enzymes (Salicylic Acid-Mediated Oxidative Damage Requires H2O2)
M. V. Rao, G. Paliyath, D. P. Ormrod, D. P. Murr and C. B. Watkins
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada N1G 2W1 (M.V.R., G.P., D.P.O., D.P.M.)
We investigated how salicylic acid (SA) enhances H2O2 and the relative
significance of SA-enhanced H2O2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. SA treatments
enhanced H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative damage to
proteins, and resulted in the formation of chlorophyll and carotene
isomers. SA-enhanced H2O2 levels were related to increased activities of
Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and were independent of changes in catalase and
ascorbate peroxidase activities. Prolonging SA treatments inactivated
catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and resulted in phytotoxic symptoms,
suggesting that inactivation of H2O2-degrading enzymes serves as an
indicator of hypersensitive cell death. Treatment of leaves with H2O2 alone
failed to invoke SA-mediated events. Although leaves treated with H2O2
accumulated in vivo H2O2 by 2-fold compared with leaves treated with SA,
the damage to membranes and proteins was significantly less, indicating
that SA can cause greater damage than H2O2. However, pretreatment of leaves
with dimethylthiourea, a trap for H2O2, reduced SA-induced lipid
peroxidation, indicating that SA requires H2O2 to initiate oxidative
damage. The relative significance of the interaction among SA, H2O2, and
H2O2-metabolizing enzymes with oxidative damage and cell death is
discussed.
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