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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 115, Issue 2 737-751, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH REGULATION |
Ethylene-Mediated Programmed Cell Death during Maize Endosperm Development of Wild-Type and shrunken2 Genotypes
T. E. Young, D. R. Gallie and D. A. DeMason
Departments of Botany and Plant Sciences (T.E.Y., D.A.D.), and Biochemistry (D.R.G.), University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0129
We characterized the progression of programmed cell death during maize (Zea
mays L.) endosperm development of starchy (Su; wild-type) and shrunken2
(sh2) genotypes and tested the involve ment of ethylene in mediating this
process. Histological and viability staining demonstrated that endosperm
cell death was initiated earlier and progressed more rapidly in sh2
endosperm compared with Su endosperm. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation
accompanied endosperm cell death and occurred more extensively in sh2
endosperm. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid levels peaked
approximately 16 d after pollination (dap) in Su endosperm and gradually
decreased during subsequent development, whereas two large
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid peaks were observed in sh2 endosperm,
the first between 16 and 20 dap and the second at 36 dap. Ethylene levels
were elevated in sh2 kernels compared with Su kernels, with an initial peak
20 dap approximately 3-fold higher than in Su kernels and a second peak 36
dap approximately 5-fold higher than that in Su kernels. Ethylene treatment
of Su kernels resulted in earlier and more extensive endosperm cell death
and DNA fragmentation. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine treatment of sh2 kernels
reduced the extent of DNA fragmentation. We conclude that ethylene is
involved in triggering programmed cell death in developing maize endosperm
and is responsible for the aberrant phenotype of sh2 kernels.
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