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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 115, Issue 3 949-957, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Starches from A to C (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a Model Microbial System to Investigate the Biosynthesis of the Plant Amylopectin Crystal)
A. Buleon, D. J. Gallant, B. Bouchet, G. Mouille, C. D'Hulst, J. Kossmann and S. Ball
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches Agroalimentaires, Rue de la Geraudiere, B.P. 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 03, France (A.B., D.J.G., B.B.)
Wide-angle powder x-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on starch
extracted from wild-type and mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells.
Strains containing no defective starch synthases as well as mutants
carrying a disrupted granule-bound starch synthase structural gene
displayed the A type of diffraction pattern with a high degree of
crystallinity. Mutants carrying a defect for the major soluble starch
synthase (SSS), SSS II, were characterized by a switch to the B type of
diffraction pattern with very low crystallinity. Mutant strains carrying
SSS I as the only glucan elongation enzyme regained some of their
crystallinity but switched to the C type of diffraction pattern.
Differential scanning calorimetry analysis correlated tightly with the
x-ray diffraction results. Together with the electron microscopy analyses,
these results establish C. reinhardtii as a microbial model system
displaying all aspects of cereal starch synthesis and structure. We further
show that SSS II is the major enzyme involved in the synthesis of
crystalline structures in starch and demonstrate that SSS I alone builds a
new type of amylopectin structure.
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