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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 115, Issue 4 1319-1328, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH REGULATION |
Cellular Localization of Arabidopsis Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase-Related Proteins during Development and after Wind Stimulation
D. M. Antosiewicz, M. M. Purugganan, D. H. Polisensky and J. Braam
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892
A gene family encoding xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET)-related
proteins exists in Arabidopsis. TCH4, a member of this family, is strongly
up-regulated by environmental stimuli and encodes an XET capable of
modifying cell wall xyloglucans. To investigate XET localization we
generated antibodies against the TCH4 carboxyl terminus. The antibodies
recognized TCH4 and possibly other XET-related proteins. These data
indicate that XETs accumulate in expanding cells, at the sites of
intercellular airspace formation, and at the bases of leaves, cotyledons,
and hypocotyls. XETs also accumulated in vascular tissue, where cell wall
modifications lead to the formation of tracheary elements and sieve tubes.
Thus, XETs may function in modifying cell walls to allow growth, airspace
formation, the development of vasculature, and reinforcement of regions
under mechanical strain. Following wind stimulation, overall XET levels
appeared to decrease in the leaves of wind-stimulated plants. However,
consistent with an increase in TCH4 mRNA levels following wind, there were
regions that showed increased immunoreaction, including sites around cells
of the pith parenchyma, between the vascular elements, and within the
epidermis. These results indicate that TCH4 may contribute to the adaptive
changes in morphogenesis that occur in Arabidopsis following exposure to
mechanical stimuli.
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