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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 115, Issue 4 1481-1489, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY |
Protein Repair L-Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase in Plants (Phylogenetic Distribution and the Accumulation of Substrate Proteins in Aged Barley Seeds)
M. B. Mudgett, J. D. Lowenson and S. Clarke
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
Protein L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferases (MTs; EC
2.1.1.77) can initiate the conversion of detrimental L-isoaspartyl residues
in spontaneously damaged proteins to normal L-aspartyl residues. We
detected this enzyme in 45 species from 23 families representing most of
the divisions of the plant kingdom. MT activity is often localized in
seeds, suggesting that it has a role in their maturation, quiescence, and
germination. The relationship among MT activity, the accumulation of
abnormal protein L-isoaspartyl residues, and seed viability was explored in
barley (Hordeum vulgare cultivar Himalaya) seeds, which contain high levels
of MT. Natural aging of barley seeds for 17 years resulted in a significant
reduction in MT activity and in seed viability, coupled with increased
levels of "unrepaired" L-isoaspartyl residues. In seeds heated to
accelerate aging, we found no reduction of MT activity, but we did observe
decreased seed viability and the accumulation of isoaspartyl residues.
Among populations of accelerated aged seed, those possessing the highest
levels of L-isoaspartyl-containing proteins had the lowest germination
percentages. These results suggest that the MT present in seeds cannot
efficiently repair all spontaneously damaged proteins containing altered
aspartyl residues, and their accumulation during aging may contribute to
the loss of seed viability.
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