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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 115, Issue 4 1641-1650, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
The Role of Metal Transport and Tolerance in Nickel Hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi goesingense Halacsy
U. Kramer, R. D. Smith, W. W. Wenzel, I. Raskin and D. E. Salt
AgBiotech Center, Rutgers University, Cook College, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (U.K., R.D.S., I.R., D.E.S.)
Metal hyperaccumulators are plants that are capable of extracting metals
from the soil and accumulating them to extraordinary concentrations in
aboveground tissues (greater than 0.1% dry biomass Ni or Co or greater than
1% dry biomass Zn or Mn). Approximately 400 hyperaccumulator species have
been identified, according to the analysis of field-collected specimens.
Metal hyperaccumulators are interesting model organisms to study for the
development of a phytoremediation technology, the use of plants to remove
pollutant metals from soils. However, little is known about the molecular,
biochemical, and physiological processes that result in the
hyperaccumulator phenotype. We investigated the role of Ni tolerance and
transport in Ni hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi goesingense, using plant
biomass production, evapotranspiration, and protoplast viability assays,
and by following short- and long-term uptake of Ni into roots and shoots.
As long as both species (T. goesingense and Thlaspi arvense) were
unaffected by Ni toxicity, the rates of Ni translocation from roots to
shoots were the same in both the hyper- and nonaccumulator species. Our
data suggest that Ni tolerance is sufficient to explain the Ni
hyperaccumulator phenotype observed in hydroponically cultured T.
goesingense when compared with the Ni-sensitive nonhyperaccumulator T.
arvense.
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