Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Oxidative Damage in Pea Plants Exposed to Water Deficit or Paraquat1

Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe, Pedro R. Escuredo, Cesar Arrese-Igor, and Manuel Becana*

Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain (I.I.-O., P.R.E., M.B.); and Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain (C.A.-I.)

The application of a moderate water deficit (water potential of -1.3 MPa) to pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Lincoln) leaves led to a 75% inhibition of photosynthesis and to increases in zeaxanthin, malondialdehyde, oxidized proteins, and mitochondrial, cytosolic, and chloroplastic superoxide dismutase activities. Severe water deficit (-1.9 MPa) almost completely inhibited photosynthesis, decreased chlorophylls, beta -carotene, neoxanthin, and lutein, and caused further conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, suggesting damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. There were consistent decreases in antioxidants and pyridine nucleotides, and accumulation of catalytic Fe, malondialdehyde, and oxidized proteins. Paraquat (PQ) treatment led to similar major decreases in photosynthesis, water content, proteins, and most antioxidants, and induced the accumulation of zeaxanthin and damaged proteins. PQ decreased markedly ascorbate, NADPH, ascorbate peroxidase, and chloroplastic Fe-superoxide dismutase activity, and caused major increases in oxidized glutathione, NAD+, NADH, and catalytic Fe. It is concluded that, in cv Lincoln, the increase in catalytic Fe and the lowering of antioxidant protection may be involved in the oxidative damage caused by severe water deficit and PQ, but not necessarily in the incipient stress induced by moderate water deficit. Results also indicate that the tolerance to water deficit in terms of oxidative damage largely depends on the legume cultivar.

1   This work was supported by the Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior (Spain) (grant no. PB95-0091). I.I.-O. was the recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Basque Government and P.R.E. was the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (Spain).
*   Corresponding author; e-mail becana{at}eead.csic.es; fax 34-76-575620.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 116: 173-181
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/116/0173/09
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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