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Products of Proline Catabolism Can Induce Osmotically Regulated Genes in Rice1

Suresh Iyer and Allan Caplan*

Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3052

Many plants accumulate high levels of free proline (Pro) in response to osmotic stress. This imino acid is widely believed to function as a protector or stabilizer of enzymes or membrane structures that are sensitive to dehydration or ionically induced damage. The present study provides evidence that the synthesis of Pro may have an additional effect. We found that intermediates in Pro biosynthesis and catabolism such as glutamine and Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) can increase the expression of several osmotically regulated genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.), including salT and dhn4. One millimolar P5C or its analog, 3,4-dehydroproline, produced a greater effect on gene expression than 1 mm l-Pro or 75 mm NaCl. These chemicals did not induce hsp70, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, or another osmotically induced gene, Em, to any significant extent. Unlike NaCl, gene induction by P5C did not depend on the normal levels of either de novo protein synthesis or respiration, and did not raise abscisic acid levels significantly. P5C- and 3,4-dehydroproline-treated plants consumed less O2, had reduced NADPH levels, had increased NADH levels, and accumulated many osmolytes associated with osmotically stressed rice. These experiments indicate that osmotically induced increases in the concentrations of one or more intermediates in Pro metabolism could be influencing some of the characteristic responses to osmotic stress.

1   This research was supported in part by a Seed Grant from the University of Idaho, a grant from the State Board of Education of Idaho to A.C., and a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (no. 95-37304-2323) to A.W. Sylvester and A.C.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail acaplan{at}novell.uidaho.edu; fax 1-208-885-6518.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 116: 203-211
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/116/0203/09
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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